Saint Rouhan
or Saint Cyriacus
Rouhan
is the Syriac name for
Saint Cyriacus who was called "the spiritual one" -- in
Syriac, Rouhana. He was born at Corinth
in the year 446 and became a monk in Palestine under the
direction of Saint Euthymus. He became the superior of
his monastery and was a model for all because of his piety,
wisdom and exhortations. He died at the age of 108.
Certain Maronite calendars refer to him as
Rouhana, "the cantor." Many
churches and monasteries in Lebanon are dedicated to
him. |
Saint
Cyriacus, or Cyriac, is a
Christian martyr who was killed in the persecution of
Diocletian. He is one of twenty-seven saints, most of
them martyrs, who bear this name,[1]
of whom only seven are honoured by a specific mention of
their names in the Roman Martyrology
Life
Of the Saint Cyriacus
who, together with Saints Largus and Smaragdus
and others (of whom Crescentianus, Memmia and Juliana
are mentioned in the Roman Martyrology), is venerated on
8
August, all that is known with certainty,
apart from their names and the fact of their martyrdom,
is that they were buried at the seventh milestone of the Via
Ostiensis on that date.[3]
However, legend has it that Cyriacus was a Roman nobleman
who converted to Christianity
as an adult and, renouncing his material wealth, gave it
away to the poor. He spent the rest of his life
ministering to the slaves who worked in the Baths
of Diocletian. Under the reign of Western
Roman Emperor Maximian,
co-emperor with Diocletian,
Cyriacus was tortured and put to death, beheaded
in 303 on the Via
Salaria, where he was subsequently buried. With him
were martyred his companions Largus and Smaragdus, and
twenty others, including Crescentianus, Sergius,
Secundus, Alban, Victorianus, Faustinus, Felix,
Sylvanus, and four women: Memmia, Juliana, Cyriacides,
and Donata.[4]
Saint Cyriacus is credited with exorcizing
demons from two girls. The first was Artemisia (or
Artemia), the daughter of Emperor Diocletian,
which resulted in both Artemisia and her mother Saint
Serena converting to Christianity. The second was
Jobias, the daughter of Shapur
I of Persia
(reigned 241-272), which led to the conversion of the
King's entire household. He was bishop of Acona,
Italy
Veneration
The Tridentine
Calendar included the feast day of Cyriacus, Largus
and Smaragdus on 8
August as a Semidouble. In 1955 this rank was
lowered to that of Simple.[5]
The 1960 Calendar, included in Pope
John XXIII's Roman
Missal and thus the calendar whose continued use
privately and, under certain conditions, publicly is
authorized by the motu proprio Summorum
Pontificum, reduced their celebration to a Commemoration.
Since 1969 they are not included in the General Roman
Calendar, but, as saints whose names are in the Roman
Martyrology, they are proposed for veneration in the
whole of the Catholic Church.
 |
Stained-glass image of
St Cyriacus (right). St
Pantaleon is on the left. Weitnau |
Saint Cyriacus is
venerated as one of the Fourteen
Holy Helpers.
It is claimed his relics
were moved to Santa
Maria in Via Lata in Rome, and
the abbey of St Cyriaque in Altorf in Alsace.
The Church of "Saint
Cyriacus in the Baths of Diocletian" (Latin:
"Sanctus Ciriacus in
Thermis Diocletiani"), was dedicated to this
martyr, a former titulus
church. The "tituli" were commonly named after their
patron, often a lay patron in the early centuries:
"Cyriac" in Greek signifies simply
"patron." This "titulus," to which a
cardinal was assigned, whatever its claimed second or
third century origins, existed certainly in the fifth
century, when Marcianus was cardinal priest of the title
of S. Ciriaco alle Terme di Diocleziano in 494, at the
time of Pope
Gelasius I. The titulus was suppressed in 1477 by Pope
Sixtus IV in favor of Saints
Ciro and Giulitta. In 1493, Pope
Alexander VI restored the name of S. Ciriaco. The
title was definitively suppressed in 1587 by Pope
Sixtus V, who assigned a titulus of Sts
Quirico e Giulitta to Cardinal
Ferdinando de' Medici.[6]
There were monasteries
dedicated to St Cyriacus in the now destroyed Arab
village of Majdal
Yaba in Israel
and the existing village of Al-Fasayil
near Jericho.
The residents of both these villages venerated him
during the Byzantine
era.
On St Cyriacus' feast
day, 8
August 1899,
a category
four hurricane
made landfall on the island of Puerto
Rico and was named after him. It was known as the Hurricane
San Ciriaco.
-
Antonio Borrelli, "San Ciriaco di
Roma"
-
Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969 ISBN
88-209-7210-7)
-
Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969),
p. 133
-
Alban Butler, "The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and
Other Principal Saints" (J. Duffy, 1866), p. 123
-
General
Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
-
This history of the "titulus" follows Salvador Miranda, "The Cardinals of the
Holy Roman Church," s.v. "St. Gelasius I
(492-496)"; "Annuaire Pontifical Catholique," 1926
|